Decolonization of Western Sahara

The issue in Western Sahara is complicated; it encompasses multiple ethnic groups, past UN and OAU resolutions, and spans two countries with wider implications for many more in Africa and the wider world. As decolonization efforts are effected, Western Sahara presents itself as a challenge: what can be done when an occupied country becomes the occupier, with no intention of leaving? Despite the violent resistance to colonization, Morocco clearly has no intention of relinquishing its colonial holding. However, as outlined in resolution 104 of the XIX Summit of the OAU (1983), a ceasefire and eventual referendum on self determination of Western Sahara is essential. Morocco initially adopted this resolution, but it has found itself in contempt of its deadline (1983), leading to the recognition of the Sahrawi Republic in the OAU. One of the major questions that any comprehensive resolution must address is: how will the United Nations hold Morocco accountable to their previous agreements, as well as the agreement the resolution sets forth, with regard to Western Sahara’s self determination? Past agreements suggest that an accountability structure for all parties, whether through economic or political repercussions, will be necessary to ensure that any resolution fully addresses the nuances of the situation.

Another important facet of this issue is that a large population of Moroccan nationals moved to Western Sahara as a result of the Green March and more general colonization tactics.

Moroccan occupation has focused significant effort on cultural colonization in addition to retaining their territorial holdings. It has been 16 years since the Green March, meaning that Moroccan residents have stakes in their own future in Western Sahara and the cultural implications of their residency cannot be discounted. The Moroccan government has incentivized their residency since 1975 through vocational opportunities and subsidies, so any resolution would have great political and economic implications for this population, as well as cultural implications for Western Sahara’s development. Regardless of the nature of the resolution, it must account for and address the continuing role and safety of the Moroccan population of Western Sahara.

As we approach committee, it is essential that each facet of this issue be carefully dissected and understood. Our focus is on the path to decolonization of Western Sahara, but there are many political components and affected populations that must be recognized in order to have a successful resolution and productive debate.

Best,

Annabelle Krause
Assistant Director